Questions

Testing is a process used for revealing defects in s/w and for establishing that the s/w has attained a specific degree of quality.

The s/w testing group’s main objective is to ensure that the s/w is doing what it is supposed to do as well as the s/w is not doing what it is not supposed to do. With this objective, it is clear that it is necessary to have a separate group for testing the s/w other than the group which developed it.

Also, bugs in the s/w can cause severe monetary as well as other loss to the organization. So it is important to allocate some budget for the testing group.

The logic in this puzzle is summing the result of [subtraction of upper two digits] & [addition of lower two digits] 

Hence, the result is  

(5 - 3) + (2 + 8) = 2 + 10 = 12.

The two broad categories of software in a computer are

1. System software
2. Application software

System software controls how the system works and enables user to access all of the system hardware and application software

The OS, utility programs and drivers come under system software.

Application software are software used by the user to perform specific task. They are installed according to the user's requirements.

The word processor, web browser, players, spreadsheets etc... come under this application software.

The city Chandigarh, being a union territory is the capital city of both Haryana and Punjab. As it is a union territory it is ruled directly by the central government and not by either states.