In December 2015, which of the following was hailed as an important criteria for contesting Panchayat elections in Haryana?

The tennis star, ___ was provisionally suspended after testing positive for banned drugs during Australian open 2016.

In 2015, which auto manufacturer manipulated emissions testing data leading to the resignation of its CEO Martin Winterkorn?

In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which is the best substitute of the phrase.

A substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.

As per World Health Organization, a pilot program testing the first ever malaria vaccine will begin in ________ in the year 2018.

In the following question, two statements are given each followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follows from the given statements.

Statement:
(I) The DRDO has tested the Smart Anti Airfield Weapon from an Indian Air Force aircraft.
(II) The lightweight high­precision guided bomb is one of the world class weapons systems.

Conclusions:
(I) DRDO Chairman Dr. S. Christopher congratulated the DRDO and the IAF teams for the successful mission.
(II) The test was carried out by IAF's Aircraft and System Testing Establishment.

As per World Health Organization, a pilot program testing the first ever malaria vaccine will begin in ________ in the year 2018.

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.

Prebiotics are the lesser-known gut-health promoters which serve as food for good bacteria inside the gut. "We found that dietary prebiotics can improve non-REM (random eye movement) sleep, as well as REM sleep after a stressful event," said Robert Thompson, a PhD researcher at University of Colorado Boulder in the U.S. Prebiotics are dietary fibres found naturally in foods like artichokes, raw garlic, leeks and onions.

When beneficial bacteria digest prebiotic fibre, they not only multiply, improving overall gut health, but they also release metabolic by-products. Researchers fed three-week-old male rats a diet of either standard chow or chow that included prebiotics. They then monitored the rats' body temperature, gut bacteria and sleep-wake cycles — using electroencephalogram (EEG), or brain activity testing over time. Findings revealed that the rats on the prebiotic diet spent more time in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, which is restful and restorative, than those on the non-prebiotic diet.

What is chow?