DispatchAction is an action that comes with Struts 1.1 or later, that let us combine Struts actions into single class, each with their own method. The org.apache.struts.action.DispatchAction class allows multiple operations to map to the different functions in the same Action class.

For e:g; html:hidden property="dispatch" value="error"/>

<SCRIPT>function set(target) {document. forms[0].dispatch. value=target;}</SCRIPT>

- Positioning: Is some what where we need the object to be placed in the graphical view i:e on screen. If we talk in DHTML sense then we have two types of positioning: Relative and Absolute.

Relative Positioning: Relative positioning is the same as the current HTML3 layout and is best reserved for situations where you want to be sure that the content will revert to this default inside a document that also uses absolute positioning.

Absolute Positioning: In DHTML absolute positioning means that the object will remain at the same position regardless of the condition of other elements and the size of the browser. In simple languages if an object/image is absolutely positioned (STYLE="position: absolute;"), with an offset of 150 pixels to the right and 250 pixels down from the left-hand corner of the browser screen then it will avail this position what ever the circumstances may be.

- Style Modifications: Style modification indicates the changes in the presentation or the view part that are being made in web page. This part comes under Cascading Style Sheet where the user style his web page by using the attributes and the tags that are pre-defined in CSS.

- Event Handling: As explained earlier Events is the beating heart of any JavaScript application. For handling event in DHTML we attach event handler to HTML elements. The event handler waits until a certain event, for instance a click on a link, takes place. When it happens it handles the event by executing some JavaScript code that has been defined by us. After it has executed the code the event handler comes to its initial state and waits for the user to fire any event. Hence to handle events in DHTML we need to register an event handler.

- The easiest difference is static HTML once rendered cannot be changed on the other hand dynamic HTML can be changed.

- Static web pages cannot have database access but dynamic pages can be connected to database.

- Using static HTML no interactions persist between user and server but dynamic HTML has capability to interact with the user.

- Static HTML does not require server side coding but dynamic HTML requires server side coding.

- No animation, games can be developed using the static HTML but on the other hand dynamic HTML can perform this task.

DHTML stands for Dynamic HTML. The first thing that we need to clear about DHTML is that it is neither a language like HTML, JavaScript etc. nor a web standard. It is just a combination of HTML, JavaScript and CSS. It just uses these languages features to build dynamic web pages. DHTML is a feature of Netscape Communicator 4.0, and Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 and 5.0 and is entirely a "client-side" technology.  

Features of DHTML:

- Simplest feature is making the page dynamic.

- Can be used to create animations, games, applications, provide new ways of navigating through web sites.

- DHTML use low-bandwidth effect which enhance web page functionality.

- Dynamic building of web pages is simple as no plug-in is required.

- Facilitates the usage of events, methods and properties and code reuse. 

- The merchant submits a credit card transaction to the Payment Gateway on behalf of a customer via secure connection from a Web site, at retail, from a MOTO center or a wireless device. 

- Payment Gateway receives the secure transaction information and passes it via a secure connection to the Merchant Bank’s Processor. 

- The Merchant Bank’s Processor submits the transaction to the Credit Card Interchange (a network of financial entities that communicate to manage the processing, clearing, and settlement of credit card transactions). 

- The Credit Card Interchange routes the transaction to the customer’s Credit Card Issuer. 

- The Credit Card Issuer approves or declines the transaction based on the customer’s available funds and passes the transaction results, and if approved, the appropriate funds, back through the Credit Card Interchange. 

- The Credit Card Interchange relays the transaction results to the Merchant Bank’s Processor. 

- The Merchant Bank’s Processor relays the transaction results to Payment Gateway. 

- Payment Gateway stores the transaction results and sends them to the customer and/or the merchant. This communication process averages three seconds or less. 

- The Credit Card Interchange passes the appropriate funds for the transaction to the Merchant’s Bank, which then deposits funds into the merchant’s bank account. The funds are typically deposited into your primary bank account within two to four business days.

- B2B (Business-to-Business)   :

In B2B, companies transact with each other. This includes the companies selling their product to wholesalers, distributors, etc

- B2C (Business-to-Consumer) :

This is usually when average businesses transact with the customer. This is done through the shopping cart softwares and the amount involved in the transactions is usually low.

- C2B (Consumer-to-Business) :

In this, a consumer places the product on the net. The companies willing to buy this product bid for it. The comsumer can then decide, depending upon the bid, which company to sell it to. 

- C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer):

These kind of transactions are usually done at an individual level. Payments can be done with the help of online systems like PayPal.

The major benefits of Ecommerce are:

- Secure       : More secure than a cheque.

- Fast           : The transactions take not more than a few seconds

- Always on  : The purchases can be made 24/7

- Convenient:  Ease of purchasing

-Reduced cost price : Reduction of Marketing and Advertising Costs

- Web servers can be infiltrated using the command shell by an attacker to read the HTML files that is getting transferred. 

- If the set-uid scripts are not proper and bad then the infiltration can happen by the attacker. 

- The processes are not given proper permissions so that the password can be changed by using the “passwd” command to change the password of the system.

- This also authenticates the user for accessing the system and the files on it containing the data. 

- The program that is used in the operating system doesn’t follow the principle of least privilege and lead to security issues.