Questions

Phoebus Levene was an organic chemist in the early 1900's. He is perhaps best known for his incorrect tetranucleotide hypothesis of DNA. He is who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids.

The discovery of Identification of Ribose and Deoxyribose is attributed to Phoebus Levene.

Hedging is a tool to minimize the risks. It is thus like an 'insurance' where one pays a premium but gets an assured amount in case of some uncertain event to the extent of the loss actually suffered on an equally opposite position for which the hedge was done. Thus, hedger is different from arbitrageur and speculators, as the intention here is not to maximize the profit but to minimize the loss.

E.g. In Capital Markets, suppose an investor has an equity portfolio of Rs. 2 lacs and the portfolio consists of all the major stocks of NIFTY. He thinks the market will improve in the long run but might go on a downside in the shortrun. NIFTY today stands at 4300. To minimize the risk of downfall, he enters into an option contract by buying NIFTY-PUT of strike 4300 at a premium of, say, Rs. 100. Thus, the actual amount paid is Rs. 5,000(lot size of NIFTY is 50). Also, the number of NIFTY-PUTs to be bought will vary on the beta of the portfolio so as to completely hedge the positon. 

Reflection is what which looks back but can't see.

Laissez-faire is simply a way to describe a government's hands-off approach to economic policies. This approach was particularly prevalent in the United States at the turn of the 20th century, which led to numerous issues within American manufacturing.

There are many outcomes of laissez-faire economic policies. Some of the outcomes of laissez-faire economics were:

* Businesses pay workers low.

* Pollution of air and water.

* Poverty traps that cannot be escaped through free choice. 

* General glut that results from overproduction or underconsumption

* Monopoly power that emerges naturally in the market and allows businesses to exploit consumers. 

* Exploitation of the working class that pushes wages down to subsistence and compels laborers to work in harsh and unsafe conditions. 

* External economies that generate situations where desirable goods are underproduced on the market, and undesirable goods are overproduced on the market. 

* Public goods that are not supplied by the market due to free-rider problems.

3 Nucleotides make up a Codon. 

The nucleotide triplet that encodes an amino acid is called a codon.

Each group of three nucleotides encodes one amino acid.

The data bus is Bi-directional because the same bus is used for transfer of data between Micro Processor and momory of input / output devices in both the direction.

Egypt

Claude Bernard was a French physiologist, who first recognised plant stomata opening and closing to maintain homeostasis.