Questions

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The air is very well mixed and the temperature decreases with altitude. Air in the troposphere is heated from the ground up. The surface of the Earth absorbs energy and heats up faster than the air does.

450 mm Hg denotes the air pressure.

The statement "A communist government is led by one political party" is what best defiines a communist government. Here in this type of government, the power is in the hands of the one political party and it only controls the political and economic systems of the country/state.

Black

stack is portion of RAM used for saving the content of Program Counter and general purpose registers.

LIFO stacks, also known as "push down" stacks, are the conceptually simplest way of saving information in a temporary storage location for such common computer operations as mathematical expression evaluation and recursive subroutine calling.

Largest sea in the world is Philippine sea.

After the deaths of  Cromwell monarchy was restored and Charles II was made king of England. He and his successor, James II tried to assert the superiority of the monarchy. But feelings against this kind of rule had grown too strong. In 1688, a group of politicians invited William of Orange, the husband of James II's daughter, Mary, and rulers of Holland, to become king. Without firing a shot, William reached London and James II fled to France. The throne was granted to William and Mary Jointly. This event is known as the 'Glorious Revolution' . This revolution marked the triumph of parliament over the monarchy.