FACTS  AND  FORMULAE  FOR  PERCENTAGE  QUESTIONS

 

 

I.Concept of Percentage : By a certain percent , we mean that many hundredths. Thus x percent means x hundredths, written as x%.

To express x% as a fraction : We have , x% = x/100.

Thus, 20% = 20/100 = 1/5;     

48% = 48/100 = 12/25, etc.

To express a/b as a percent : We have, ab=ab×100% .

 

Thus, 14=14×100%=25%

   

 

II. If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so as not to increase the expenditure is R100+R×100%

If the price of the commodity decreases by R%,then the increase in consumption so as to decrease the expenditure is R100-R×100%

 

 

III. Results on Population : Let the population of the town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then :

1. Population after n years = P1+R100n

 

2. Population n years ago =  P1+R100n

 

 

IV. Results on Depreciation : Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the rate R% per annum. Then,

1. Value of the machine after n years = P1-R100n

 

2. Value of the machine n years ago = P1-R100n

 

 

V. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by

R100+R×100%    

If A is R% less than B , then B is more than A by 

R100-R×100%  

Q:

The price of an article is cut by 36%, to restore to its original value, the new price must be increased by

A) 56.25 percent B) 36 percent
C) 26.47 percent D) 45 percent
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) 56.25 percent

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Q:

X and Y give an exam. Difference of their marks is 45 and the difference of their marks is 15% of the maximum marks. What is the maximum marks for the exam?

A) 180 B) 450
C) 150 D) 300
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) 300

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Q:

In new government policy, the price of onion is raised by 35%. By what % should a person reduce onion consumption so that the expenditure on it does not increase?

A) 25% B) 29%
C) 26% D) 33%
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 26%

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Q:

The discount offered on a Shirt of Rs 500 and a pair of Trousers of Rs 1000 is 20% and 40% respectively. If Ajay bought 2 Shirt and 3 pair of Trousers then what was the effective discount ( in %) he recieved?

A) 30 B) 32
C) 25 D) 35
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) 35

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Q:

Marked price of an item is Rs 900. On purchase of 2 items discount is 6%, on purchase of 3 items discount is 12%. Rajani buys 5 items, what is the effective discount?

A) 17.5 percent B) 9.6 percent
C) 35 percent D) 37 percent
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) 9.6 percent

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Q:

Selling price of an article is Rs 494 and discount of 5% is offered. What is the marked price (in Rs)?

A) 524.5 B) 587
C) 520 D) 540
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 520

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Q:

What will be the net discount (in percentage) for two successive discounts of 30% and 20%?

A) 50 B) 56
C) 44 D) 54
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 44

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Q:

If A is equal to 20% of B and B is equal to 25% of C; then what percent of C is equal to A?

A) 10 B) 15
C) 5 D) 20
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) 5

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