Questions

The term PIL refers to Public Interest Litigation.

Public Interest Litigation was originated in United States in 1980's. 

Public Interest Litigation is directly filed by an individual or group of people in the Supreme Court of India and High Courts and judicial member.  This petition is accepted by the court only if there is interest of large public involved. Generally this petition is filed by a public spirited person or organisation, if it was felt that certain interests are undermined by the government.

Feudalism was the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labour, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 14th centuries.Feudalism was based on the division of land by the king to nobles and vassals in return for their military service under the Feudal Levy.

The land was the main source of the economy and was dependent on the peasants who worked on the land.

The reasons for the decline of Feudalism during the Medieval period of the Middle Ages included:

• The Crusades and travel during the Middle Ages opened new trade options to England
  England started to move from land-based economy to a money-based economy.

• The Black Death - this reduced the population of England by one third. Labour became a valuable commodity.

• The Peasants Revolt - Peasants realized their worth and demanded changes. Charters were granted but ignored by nobles.

• More trade saw the growth of more towns.

• Peasants moved away from the country into towns they were eventually allowed to buy their freedom.

• The land was rented and the rights of lords over labor decreased.
  
  


• Armed men were paid a wage and Medieval warfare was financed by taxes and loans
  Nobles became weaker - the Kings took back their lands and power.

• A centralized government was established.