Questions

The given math puzzle follows a logic that,

1 + 4 = 5 => 1 x 4 + 1 = 5

2 + 5 = 12 => 2 x 5 + 2 = 12

3 + 6 = 21 => 3 x 6 + 3 = 21

Similarly,

8 + 11 = > 8 x 11 + 8 = 96.

In the brain cerebellum, the arbor vitae refers to the cerebellar white matter which resembles the structure of arborvitae plant leaves and branches structure.

Fragmentation occurs in a dynamic memory allocation system when many of the free blocks are too small to satisfy any request. 

External Fragmentation: External Fragmentation happens when a dynamic memory allocation algorithm allocates some memory and a small piece is left over that cannot be effectively used. If too much external fragmentation occurs, the amount of usable memory is drastically reduced. Total memory space exists to satisfy a request, but it is not contiguous. 

Internal Fragmentation: Internal fragmentation is the space wasted inside of allocated memory blocks because of restriction on the allowed sizes of allocated blocks. Allocated memory may be slightly larger than requested memory; this size difference is memory internal to a partition, but not being used