Questions

Golden Revolution refers to Horticulture. Horticulture has been defined as the culture of plants for food, comfort and beauty.

5th generation of computers are still under development depending on the artificial intelligence.

Exercise frequency refers to number of times you exercise per week.

Strait of Messina seperates Italy and Sicily , while Strait of Bonifacio is located between Corsica  and Sardinia and Strait of Otranto  is found between Italy and Albania.

Polarity :: 

The polarity of a molecule defines its other physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, surface tension, vapor pressure etc... Simply, polarity occurs when the electron distribution in a molecule is asymmetric. This results in a net dipole moment in the molecule. One end of the molecule is charged negative while the other gets a positive charge.

The polarization of a molecule greatly depends on the shape of the molecule. A diatomic molecule like HF mentioned above has no issue of shape. The net dipole moment is only due to the uneven distribution of electrons between the two atoms. However, when there are more than two atoms involved in making a bond, there are many complexities.

The water molecule is of bent shape. Therefore, when the two pair of electrons shared by oxygen with two hydrogen atoms is pulled towards oxygen, the net dipole moment results in the direction of the oxygen atom. There is no other force to cancel out the resultant dipole moment. Hence, the water molecule is highly polar.

Ammonia molecule is of a pyramid shape and the electronegative N atom pulls the electrons towards itself. The three N-H bonds are not in the same plane; hence the dipole moments created do not get canceled out. This makes ammonia a polar molecule.

However, the dipole moments sometimes get canceled due to the shape of the molecules, making the molecule non-polar. Carbon dioxide is such a molecule.

Bond breaking is an endothermic process.

Hence, bond breakage needs an amount of energy and uses some energy based on the strength of the bond to break the bond.