Questions

Since, the sentence starts talking about the reason; R will be the continuing statement as it goes with the flow of the statement. The continuing statement talks about the existing of life i.e. P. Thus, all other options are eliminated. The correct formation would be, ‘There is no reason why we should not be willing to think that life may exist in great profusion in other worlds.’

It is a protocol used to advertise the set of networks that can be reached with in an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the autonomous system. 

The Vijaya Stambha is an imposing victory monument located within Chittor Fort in Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India. The tower was constructed by the Mewar king, Rana Kumbha, in 1448 to commemorate his victory over the combined armies of Malwa and Gujarat led by Mahmud Khilji.

Federalism ::

Federalism is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments, creating what is often called a federation.

Federalism is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together with a governing representative head. 

Federalism enables the state and the national government to share power.

Deficit spending means spending more than the income getting. A government need to take debts for deficit spending.