Questions

Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, formerly Latinized as Algorithmi,was a Persianscholar who produced works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography under the patronage of the Caliph Al-Ma'mun of the Abbasid Caliphate.

He also developed the concept of the algorithm in mathematics, which is why some have called him the "grandfather of computer science".

His name gave rise to the terms algorism and algorithm.

Brazil is one example of a closed economy in the given options. 

A closed economy is one that has no trade activity with outside economies. A closed economy is self-sufficient, which means no imports come into the country and no exports leave the country. A closed economy's intent is to provide domestic consumers with everything they need from within the country's borders.

Usain Bolt is branded as "Fast Man on Earth".

Prices do not reflect the full social cost of production is an example of Market failure.

A market failure occurs when the supply of a good or service is insufficient to meet demand. This results in an inefficient distribution of resources among market participants.

It also occurs if externalities are not accounted for.

If a firm fails to maximize its profits this is not a general market failure.

ITIL Availability Management aims to define, analyze, plan, measure and improve all aspects of the availability of IT services. It is is responsible for ensuring that all IT infrastructure, processes, tools, roles etc are appropriate for the agreed availability targets.