Questions

Axons make up a majority of the matter in a nerve is the one statement regarding nerves is incorrect.

Helioseismology is the study of the solar interior using observations of waves on the Sun's surface. It has done much to improve our understanding of the interior of the Sun, testing the physical inputs used to model stellar interiors and providing a detailed map of the Sun's structure and internal rotation.

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm whereas transcription occurs in the nucleus.

Transcription and Translation:

Terms transcription and translation in biology are generally related to the DNA and its properties. Human cells replicate. In order to do that, they have to produce the same constituents for the new cell that is to be made. The only way to do that is by producing proteins.

The proteins are produced in the process that is called protein synthesis. The first step is in the nucleus where a particular gene is being expressed so it enables all protein factors to come and to replicate that part of a chromosome. This is finished when mRNA, the same single-stranded genetic code of a particular gene, is formed. This is transcription.

Right after that, the mRNA enters the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. There, it could be translated into proteins by ribosomes. This process is called translation.