Questions

‘E-Cinepramaan’ is the name of the online film certification system (OFCS) that was launched by Union Information & Broadcasting Minister Venkaiah Naidu on 27 March 2017.

– This online system is being seen as a big step towards making the Central Board for Film Certification (CBFC) paperless and transparent, enabling effective monitoring and real-time progress tracking for applicants.

– E-Cinepramaan will enable producers to track the status of their application online and would be inform them through SMSes and e-mails about any required action. The system also has inbuilt alerts to ensure that time-limits are adhered to.

The total number of instructions a computer executes per second is called as its processors speed. 

Maximum the processor's speed minimum the time for execution.

A test to determine processor speed is a benchmark.

Business cycles are identified as having four distinct phases:

1. Expansion,

2. Peak,

3. Contraction, and

4. Trough.

Expansion is the phase of the business cycle when the economy moves from a trough to a peak. It is a period when the level of business activity surges and gross domestic product (GDP) expands until it reaches a peak. A period of expansion is also known as an economic recovery.

An expansion is characterized by increasing employment, economic growth, and upward pressure on prices.

Osmosis is the process in which water molecules move from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower potential down a water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane. It doen't requires any additional energy to do this work. 

So, Osmosis is a Passive.

Active and passive transport processes are two ways molecules and other materials move in and out of cells and cross intracellular membranes.

1. Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient (from an area of lower to higher concentration), which does not ordinarily occur, so enzymes and energy are required.

2. Passive transport is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher to lower concentration. Passive transport occurs because of the entropy of the system, so additional energy isn't required for it to occur.

3. Active transport requires energy to proceed, while passive transport does not require the input of extra energy to occur.

Calculation of molar mass of HNO3:

Atomic masses of H, N, O are 1, 14, 16 respectively

Now the molar mass of HNO3 is

HNO3 = 1X1 + 1X14 + 3X16

= 1 + 14 + 48

= 63 g/mol or amu.