Verbal Reasoning - Logical Deduction Questions

Q:

An assertion (A) and a reason (R) are given below.

 

Assertion (A) : Electric wires are generally made of copper.

 

Reason (R) : Copper is a good conductor.

 

Choose the correct option.

 

A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
C) A is true, but R is false D) A is false, but R is true
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Explanation:
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Q:

Statements followed by some conclusions are given below.

 

Statements :

 

1. Some football players are cricketers.

2. All hockey players love football though some are cricketers.

 

Conclusions :

 

I. Some hockey players who are cricketers play football too.

II. There is at the most one cricketer who plays football and hockey.

 

Find which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements.

 

A) Only conclusion I follows B) Only conclusion II follows
C) Both I and II follow D) Neither I nor II follows
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) Neither I nor II follows

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Q:

The gas provider Centrica has seen its half-year profits fall by 20% to £992 million. Despite this it has decided to increase its dividend to shareholders to 3.9p per share. The rise in energy prices released before the announcement of Centrica's profits was designed, said the company, to restore "reasonable profitability". The chief executive, Sam Laidlaw, said, "We produced a good set of results in tough market conditions... we will continue to concentrate on improving customer service in British Gas..." This is an interesting statement given the record rise in prices to households. The announcement of profits which are not far off one billion pounds, a day after the announcement of the rise in price and the increase in dividend to shareholders, is likely to provoke angry reaction. Many will question the extent of the market power that Centrica possesses. There will also be those that will question what the phrase 'reasonable profitability' means in the context of profits of nearly one billion pounds.

Question: 1) Announcing large profits, soon after announcing price rises, is likely to provoke angry reaction.

Question: 2) Companies increase shareholder dividends when profits fall.

Question: 3) One way companies can restore profitability is to increase prices.

Answer

Answer 1) True


Answer 2) Cannot tell


Answer 3) True

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Q:

National Aluminium Company has moved Georgia from a position of shortage to self-sufficiency in the metal. 

Conclusions: 

1. Previously, Georgia had to import aluminium

2. With this speed, it can soon become a foreign exchange earner 

A) Only 1 follows B) Only 2 follows
C) Either 1 or 2 follows D) Both 1 and 2 follow
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) Both 1 and 2 follow

Explanation:

According to the statement, National Aluminium Company has moved Georgia from a position of shortage in the past to self-sufficiency in the present. This means that previously, Georgia had to import aluminium. So, I follows. Also, it can be deduced that if production increases at the same rate, Georgia can export it in future. So, II also follows. 

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Q:

Which of the following statement is sufficient to answer the question ?

 

Find the value of x.

 

Statements :

 

I. Sum of squares of positive consecutive even numbers is 52

II. Difference of the number is 2.

 

A) Both I and II are sufficient B) Only II is sufficient while I is not
C) Only I is sufficient while II is not D) Neither i nor II is sufficient
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) Only I is sufficient while II is not

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Q:

If banana is apple, apple is grapes, grapes is mango, mango is nuts, nuts is guava, which of the following is a yellow fruit ?

A) Grapes B) Mango
C) Nuts D) Guava
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) Nuts

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Q:

How long will it take for two pipes A and B to fill an empty cistern if they worked alternately for an hour each ?

A. Working alone, Pipe A can fill the cistern in 40 hours
B. Pipe B is one third as efficient as Pipe A

A) Only A is sufficient B) Only B is sufficient
C) Both (A) and (B) are sufficient D) None
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) Both (A) and (B) are sufficient

Explanation:

From statement A, we know that Pipe A can fill the tank in 40 hours. However, this information is not sufficient as we do not have the data for Pipe B. Hence, statement A alone cannot answer the given question.

From statement B, we know that Pipe B is one third as efficient as pipe A. However, we do not know the rate at which Pipe A fills the tank. Hence, we will not be able to find the rate at which Pipe B fills the cistern. Therefore, statement B alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

Now, if we combine the two statements, we know that Pipe A take 40 hours to fill the cistern.
Pipe B takes 120 hours to fill the cistern.

If they worked alternately, then either Pipe A could have started the cycle or Pipe B could have started the cycle.

If Pipe A started the sequence of filling alternately, then at the end of two hours, the two pipes together would have filled 1/40 + 1/120 = 1/30  th of the tank in an hour. Or the cistern will fill in 30 hours.

If Pipe B started the sequence, then at the end of 2 hours, the two pipes together would have filled 1/120 + 1/40 = 1/30 th of the tank in an hour. Or the cistern will fill in 30 hours.

As the answer obtained irrespective of which pipe started the sequence is the same, the correct answer is (3) - i.e., both the statement are sufficient to answer the question.

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Q:

Read the statements and select a conclusion from the given alternatives.

 

Statements :

 

The healthcare system has expanded in terms of number of hospitals. But the fact is that most of them are not well equipped and unable to make significant progress in the field of patient care.

 

Conclusions :

 

I. We should provide good doctors and equipment to existing hospitals now onwards.

II. Now, it is not necessary to open any new hospitals.

 

A) Only conclusion I follows B) Only conclusion II follows
C) Both I and II follow D) Neither I nor II follows
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) Only conclusion I follows

Explanation:
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