Questions

Fermentation is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

The two most common types of fermentation are

(1) alcoholic fermentation (and) 

(2) lactic acid fermentation.

(1) Alcoholic fermentation : the type of fermentation in which ethyl alcohol is the main end product .This is very common in yeast (unicellular fungus) and also seen in some bacteria. Yeast cells release enzymes called zymase complex which bring about the fermentation. The reactions are similar to anaerobic respiration.

(2) Lactic acid fermentation : The type of fermentation in which lactic acid is the end product.

It is carried out by some bacteria (e.g. lactic acid bacteria), and also by animals (muscle glycolysis in animals, under oxygen deficiency, results in the formation of lactic acid this is whay we experience in muscle cramps, or "Charley horse").

'Cautious' can be used to make the sentence meaningful which means alert or be careful. The context of the statement is that of the monsoon season being a bit troublesome due to slippery roads which need to be navigated with care. 'Prepared' and 'smart' may appear to be true but we need to choose the most suitable response which in this case is 'cautious'. Hence, 'cautious' is the correct answer.

Extensive plantation of trees to increase plants count is called Afforestation.

Ribosomes are present in prokaryotic cells. These are organelles which consist of two subunits. They are present in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells. They are made up of RNA and proteins and present in the cytoplasm and on the membranes and are involved in protein synthesis.

Increasing the Alveolar ventilation rate will increase the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli.