Questions

The credit of inventing the television goes to Philo Farnsworth.

As against malloc(), calloc() needs two arguments, the number of elements  to be allocated and the size of each element. For example,

 p = (int *) calloc (10, sizeof (int));

would allocate space for a 10- integer array. Additionally, calloc() would also set each of this element with a value 0.

Thus the above call to calloc() is equivalent to:

p = (int *) malloc (10 * sizeof (int));

memset (p, 0, 10 * sizeof( int ));

Let speed of train B be x m/s And length of train B be y m
Then length of train A is 2y m
Speed of train A = 84 × 5/18 = 210/9 m/s = 70/3 m/s
A.T.Q, (2y+y)/10 = 70/3 − x .............(i)
and (2y+y)/ 22.5 = 70/3 − 2x ................(ii)
solving (i) and (ii), y = 50 m

In the given puzzle,

The logic is in the format of lets say, a/b

In that case b doesn't matter, because

2/2 = 1,

6/5 = 6/2 = 3,

10/11 = 10/2 = 5

This means that equation is a/2

So 16/19 is equal 16/2 = 8.

Stratification as actually the settling down of sediments with different properties to form layers/strata over years. Stratification especially occurs on the bed of water bodies such as oceans.

Stratified sedimentary rocks are used to study the ecological conditions over previous years/eras.  

The other choices like Windstorms, Glacial Ice and Stream water are mediums which sediments are transported.