Questions

(a) refers to political importance and (b) to economic importance. Out of (c) and (d), (c) is more important.

• Shivanasamudra is a famous waterfall situated in Mandya District of Karnataka State. 
• Gaganachukki and Barachukki Falls are collectively called as Shivanasamudra Falls.

India’s first-ever Rural LED Street Lighting Project will be implemented by the Government of India (GoI) in Andhra Pradesh (AP). The Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) under the Ministry of Power will retrofit10 lakh conventional street lights with LED lights in Gram Panchayats of 7 districts in AP. This is the first project for rural LED street lighting in the country under the GoI’s Street Lighting National Project (SLNP). In the first phase, the replacement will be undertaken in gram panchayats of the districts of Guntur, Prakasham, Nellore, Kurnool, Kadapa, Ananthapur and Chittoor. This replacement drive in rural areas will help the gram panchayats to cumulatively save approximately 147 million units of electricity annually and lead to reduction of 12 crore tonnes of CO2. The entire upfront capital cost of this project is being funded by French Development Agency Agence Française de Développement (AFD).

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Mumbai has been ranked the world's second most densely populated city with 31,700 people per sq km, by the World Economic Forum (WEF) citing UN Habitat Data. Bangladesh's capital Dhaka topped the list with 44,500 people per sq km. Rajasthan's Kota has been ranked the world's seventh most densely populated city with 12,100 people per sq km.

Suppose your flip-flop is positive edgetriggered. time for which data should be stable prior to positive edge clock is called setup is called setup time constraint.

Time for which data should be stable after the positive edge of clock is called as hold time constraint.

If any of these constraints are violate d then flip-flop will enter in meta stable state, in which we cannot determine the output of flip-flop.

there are two equation:

1. Tcq + Tcomb > Tskew + Thold

2. Tcq + Tcomb > Tskew + T - Tsetup

Tcq is time delay when data enters the flip flop and data comes at output of flip flop.

Tcomb is the logic delay between two flip flop.

Tskew is the delay of clock to flip flop: suppose there are two flip flop, if clock reaches first to source flip flop and then after some delay to destination flip flop, it is positive skew and if vice versa then negative  skew. 

so if you take 2 eq you will see that setup time is the determining factor of clock's time period.