Questions

The doctrine of independence is not to be raised to the level of a dogma so as to enable the judiciary to function as a kind of super-legislature or super-executive. The judiciary is there to interpret the Constitution or adjudicate upon the rights...” Hence, 1 is correct.

It is the great tribunal which has to draw the line between liberty and social control. Hence statement 2 is also correct.

NADP - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate is one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.

NADP+ is the molecule that accepts the electrons given by water. Its reduction by the protein FNR (Ferredoxin NADP+ reductase) gives NADPH,H+.

NADPH,H+ can be used in the Calvin Cycle to reduce 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) into Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a monosaccharide. It becomes NADP+ again and the cycle keeps repeating as long as the chloroplast receives sufficient and appropriate light.

Inhaling of oxygen and releasing of carbon dioxide to make our living is the process called as respiration. We know that, air is a mixture several gases like 78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen and several other gases with watervapour.

Hence, Oxygen is essential for respiration process.

The Cartesian Coordinates can be retrieved from spherical coordinates (l,q,a) by:

X = r.sinq.cosa

Y = r.sinq.sina

Z = r.sinq

Using the same we get for P,

Y = P.sinq.sina