Exams

The two events mentioned are independent.

The first roll of the die is independent of the second roll. Therefore the probabilities can be directly multiplied.

P(getting first 4) = 1/6

P(no second 6) = 5/6

Therefore P(getting first 4 and no second 6) = 1/6 x 5/6 = 5/36

Stack:

 - Stack is a ordered collection of items

 - Stack is a dynamic object whose size is constantly changing as items are pushed and popped .

 - Stack may contain different data types

Array:

- Array is an ordered collection of items

- Array is a static object i.e. no of item is fixed and is assigned by the declaration of the array

- It contains same data types.

Only H and Br form Polar Covalent Bond.

Covalent bonding:

Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

1. Polar Covalent Bond

2. Nonpolar Covalent Bond

1. Polar Covalent Bond:

A Polar Covalent Bond is created when the shared electrons between atoms are not equally shared. This occurs when one atom has a higher electronegativity than the atom it is sharing with. The atom with the higher electronegativity will have a stronger pull for electrons (Similiar to a Tug-O-War game, whoever is stronger usually wins). As a result, the shared electrons will be closer to the atom with the higher electronegativity, making it unequally shared.

2. Nonpolar Covalent Bond:

A Nonpolar Covalent Bond is created when atoms share their electrons equally. This usually occurs when two atoms have similar or the same electron affinity. The closer the values of their electron affinity, the stronger the attraction. This occurs in gas molecules; also known as diatomic elements. Nonpolar covalent bonds have a similar concept as polar covalent bonds; the atom with the higher electronegativity will draw away the electron from the weaker one.

Here H and H and N and N form Non-polar covalent bonds. Na and Br form the ionic bond.