Questions

The term derivative indicates that it has no independent value that is its value is entirely derived from the values of the underlying assets. The underlying asset can be securities, commodities , bullion, currency, livestock or anything else.

From the hints,

Only two options for 1st and 2nd digits => 4,2 and 9,3 since it is single digits

Sum of second and third digit  = 10 

If 2 => 3rd digit = 8

If 3 => 3rd digit = 7

4th digit = 2nd digit + 1 => (2+1 =3) or (3+1 = 4)

Sum of all digits = 30

Let 5th digit be x

=> 1st possibility = 4 + 2 + 8 + 3 + x = 30 => x = 13 (Not possible since it has 2 digits)

=> 2nd possibility = 9 + 3 + 7 + 4 + x = 30 => x = 7

Therefore, the PIN is 93747 

Number of spectral lines from a state n to ground state is

                   n(n-1)/2 = 6