Indian History Questions

Title Sparrow is given to Major Rajinder Singh

During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged tothe nobility and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs.

In some respects of zamindars and the peasants were natural allies in any struggle against the Mughal government.

The Zamindars often received the support of the peasantry in many agrarian uprisings in North India in the seventeenth century.

The Vedas are considered the earliest literary record of Indo-Aryan civilization. It is the most sacred scriptures of India.

There are four Vedas in Hinduism. They are:

1. The Rig Veda,

2. Sama Veda,

3. Yajur Veda and

4. Atharva Veda.

Most ailments, both physical and mental, were attributed to malevolent spirits and cures consisted of rituals, charms, mantras, medicines and surgical intervention.

The hymns in the Atharva Veda, the last of the four Vedas, and largely composed after the Aryans were well settled in the sub-continent, indicate that indigenous non-Aryan healing practices had influenced the Vedic Aryan healers.

The Nalayira Divya Prabandham is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses composed by the 12 Alvars and was compiled in its present form by Nathamunigal during the 9th -10th centuries. These were sung by the Alwars indevotional estacy in varrious shirineas of Vishnu, made famous as Magalashasana sthalas.

According to al-Biruni, the sufi theories of the soul were similar to those in Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra. Like the Yoga Sutra, sufi works also stated that ‘the bodies are the snares of the souls for the purpose of acquiring recompense’. Al-Biruni also identifies the sufi doctrine of divine love as self-annihilation with parallel passages from the Bhagavad Gita. There was also much exchange of ideas between the Sufis and Indian yogis. In fact the hatha-yoga treatise Amrita Kunda was translated into Arabic and Persian, So C is right.

Hujwiri was known as Datta Ganj Baksh. Hujwiri comments that before he settled in Lahore some sufis believed in theories that he calls brahmanical. According to Hujwiri they wrongly believed that ‘annihilation (fand’) signifies loss of essence and destruction of the personality, and that subsistence (baqa) indicates the subsistence of God in man.

Sarkaria commission-1983, Punchhi commission-2007, Eleventh     Financial     commission 2000-2005,  Second  Administrative Reform commission –2005

The Kharoshi script is an ancient script used by the ancient Gandhara culture of South Asia primarily in modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan to write the Gandhari language (a dialect of Prakrit) and the Sanskrit language.