Indian History Questions

The Upanishads are a part of the Vedas and are ancient Sanskrit texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts and ideas of Hinduism, some of which are shared with Buddhism, and Jainism.

The Upanishads are commonly referred to as Vedanta in the history of India.

In India, Islamic rulers Qutb-ud-din Aibak imposed jizya on non-Muslims first time which was called kharaj-o-jizya. Jizya was abolished by the Mughal ruler Akbar in the 16th century but was re-introduced by Aurangzeb in the 17th century.

The Nalayira Divya Prabandham is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses composed by the 12 Alvars and was compiled in its present form by Nathamunigal during the 9th -10th centuries. These were sung by the Alwars indevotional estacy in varrious shirineas of Vishnu, made famous as Magalashasana sthalas.

During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged tothe nobility and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs.

In some respects of zamindars and the peasants were natural allies in any struggle against the Mughal government.

The Zamindars often received the support of the peasantry in many agrarian uprisings in North India in the seventeenth century.