Questions

All of the genetic information in a cell was initially thought to be confined to the DNA in the chromosomes of the cell nucleus.

It is now known that small circular chromosomes, called extranuclear, or cytoplasmic, DNA, are located in two types of organelles found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

These organelles are the mitochondria in animal and plant cells and the chloroplasts in plant cells.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) contains genes that are involved with aspects of photosynthesis and with components of the special protein-synthesizing apparatus that is active within the organelle.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains some of the genes that participate in the conversion of the energy of chemical bonds into the energy currency of the cell—a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—as well as genes for mitochondrial protein synthesis.

Fertilization is the process in which a single haploid sperm fuses with a single haploid egg fuse to form a zygote.  

An animal zygote under go mitosis and divides to form a hallow ball of cells called blastula.

Vitamins are essential nutrients found in foods. They perform specific and vital functions in a variety of body systems, and are crucial for maintaining optimal health.

The two different types of vitamins are fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins.

Fat-soluble vitamins :

 Vitamins A, D, E and K — dissolve in fat before they are absorbed in the bloodstream to carry out their functions. Excesses of these vitamins are stored in the liver, and are not needed every day in the diet.

Water-soluble vitamins :

Vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored by the body. Since they are eliminated in urine, we require a continuous daily supply in our diet. The water-soluble vitamins include the vitamin B-complex group and vitamin C.

Water-soluble vitamins are easily destroyed or washed out during food storage or preparation.

The given statement that a calorie is another term for carbohydrate is False.

Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients, and are most important source of energy.

Where as Calorie is a measurement of how much heat energy is generated by the body processing food.

Your digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose(blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy.