Questions

A transformer that increases voltage from primary to secondary (more secondary winding turns than primary winding turns) is called a Step-Up Transformer.

Conversely, a transformer designed to do just the opposite is called a Step-Down Transformer. 

Free memory is maintained in linked lists, each of equal sized blocks. Any such block is of size 2^k. When some memory is required by a process, the block size of next higher order is chosen, and broken into two. Note that the two such pieces differ in address only in their kth bit. Such pieces are called buddies. When any used block is freed, the OS checks to see if its buddy is also free. If so, it is rejoined, and put into the original free-block linked-list.

Distance between two Consecutive Crests or two Consecutive Troughs is called Wavelength. But the distance between crest and adjacent trough is half the wavelength.

That is the distance between adjacent crest and trough is called Half the wavelength.

The process of conversion of sugar to alcohol is called Fermentation in which sugar is coverted to alcohol with the help of yeast.

True, The luster of a metal is due to presence of free electrons. Luster means shine or soft glow. We know that metals have the quality of reflecting light from its surface.

Dull means not sharp, not shining, not bright, ...

Hence, the given words are all that means the opposite of dull.

Author of the book A journey  is Tony Blair