Questions

An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons is called an Ion.

Cation:

An ion is a cation (positive ion) if it is created by electron loss and is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.

Anion:

An ion is an anion (negative ion) if it is created by an electron gain and is attracted to the anode.

The valence of an ion is equal to the number of electrons lost or gained and is indicated by a plus sign for cations and a minus sign for anions.

Ex: Na +, Cl−, Ca ++,...

 Augustus Caesar

The commercialization of agriculture means that the agricultural crops and goods are produced by the peasants for sale in the market and not for their own consumption.

Commercialisation of agriculture is a phenomenon where agriculture is governed by commercial consideration i.e. certain specialised crops began to be grown not for consumption in village but for sale in national and even in international market.

Commercialization of agriculture in India began during the British rule.

The logic in this puzzle is summing the result of [subtraction of upper two digits] & [addition of lower two digits] 

Hence, the result is  

(5 - 3) + (2 + 8) = 2 + 10 = 12.