Questions

"Pressure" is the ratio of mass to area. So, for any given area, the one with more mass pressing on it will experience a higher pressure.

As you go more deeply into the atmosphere OR earth itself, you are putting more and more mass over you. For the same unit area therefore, the pressure, (mass/area) increases.

Hence, the lowest layer will always have the highest pressure i.e, inner core.

United State Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

If the barometer rises, it indicates that good or fair weather is coming and if the falling barometer reading indicates that bad or foul weather is coming. Usually bad weather approaches from the west direction.