Questions

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and where most clouds are. That means all weather is in the troposphere. Almost all weather occurs in the Troposphere, basically, the lowest layer that goes up to about 10 - 15 kms.

IRQ-0 is the system timer commonly use in all computers. In a computer, IRQ is an interrupt request which acts as a hardware signal sent to the processor that temporarily stops a running program and allows a special program, an interrupt handler, to run instead.

a.) Testing and Debugging 

Testing is process of verifying if the application matches requirements and reporting bugs; Testing is usually done by an independent testing team while debugging is a process of finding and fixing bugs with the intention of reducing bugs; Debugging is usually done by the programmer.

b.) Two tier and Three tier architecture

In a two tier architecture there is a data server and a client application. Client application directly accesses the server data. In a three tier architecture there is a data server, a client application and a server application. Client application calls the server application which in turn fetches data from the data server and returns back to client application.

c.) Alpha testing and Beta testing

Alpha testing is conducting acceptance testing in the environment where the application was developed. It is done by the customer. Beta testing is conducting acceptance testing is the customer environment. It is done by the group of customers or users who will actually be using it.

d.) Static testing and dynamic testing

Static testing is checking the application without actually running the application whereas dynamic testing checks the application by running it.

A person who pretends to be what he is not is an Imposter.

The pilgrims follow John Calvin's teachings.

Refractive Index of glass with respect to water can be calculated by 

(Refractive Index of glass with respect to air) × (1/Refractive Index of water with respect to air)

We know that,

Refractive Index of glass with respect to air = 4/3

Refractive index of water with respect to air = 3/2

Hence, Refractive Index of glass with respect to water = (4/3) x (2/3) = 8/9.

The highly energetic gamma particles can penetrate most compounds that stop by other types of radiation. However, lead, steel, or concrete can reduce the high energy of these particles, making them less penetrating.

Hence, Gamma radiation can be stopped by a several inches of lead or steel, or several meters of concrete.