Questions

The olfactory system is the only system in which the receptors send their signal directly to the higher brain and bypass the thalamus, which normally acts as a filter for the processes of the lower brain.

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.

Hence, when Ionic bonds are formed metallic atoms tend to lose electrons and become positive ions

Windows NT uses protection mechanism called rings provides by the process to implement separation between the user mode and kernel mode.

Preemptive scheduling: The preemptive scheduling is prioritized. The highest priority process should always be the process that is currently utilized.

Non-Preemptive scheduling: When a process enters the state of running, the state of that process is not deleted from the scheduler until it finishes its service time.