Technology Questions

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STL stands for Standard Template Library. It is a library of container templates approved by the ANSI committee for inclusion in the standard C++ specification.

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There are three types of lock, namely:

Shared – This type of lock permits two or more programs to read from the locked space but does not allow them to change it.

Update – This lock is more lenient. It permits the program to read and change the locked space.

Exclusive – This lock restricts all users from accessing the locked space.

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Locking is a mechanism to ensure data integrity while allowing maximum concurrent access to data. It is used to implement concurrency control when multiple users access table to manipulate its data at the same time.

Advantages :

- Avoids deadlock conditions

- Avoids clashes in capturing the resources

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A conversion constructor declared with the explicit keyword. The compiler does not use an explicit constructor to implement an implied conversion of types. It’s purpose is reserved explicitly for construction

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LINQ is a programming model that is the composition of general-purpose standard query operators that allow you to work with data, regardless of the data source in any .NET based programming language. It is the name given to a set of technologies based on the integration of query capabilities into any .NET language.

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According to one-definition rule, C++ constructs must be identically defined in every compilation unit they are used in. 

As per ODR, two definitions contained in different source files are called to be identically defined if they token-for-token identical. The tokens should have same meaning in both source files. 

Identically defined doesn’t mean character-by-character equivalence. Two definitions can have different whitespace or comments and yet be identical.

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- If the table structure is changed ( a field is added ), the program will have to be modified.

- Program might retrieve the columns which it might not use, leading on I/O over head.

- The chance of an index only scan is lost.

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Answer - echo is the most primitive of them, and just outputs the contents following the construct to the screen. print is also a construct (so parentheses are optional when calling it), but it returns TRUE on successful output and FALSE if it was unable to print out the string. However, you can pass multiple parameters to echo, like:

and it will output the string "Welcome to TechInterviews!" print does not take multiple parameters. It is also generally argued that echo is faster, but usually the speed advantage is negligible, and might not be there for future versions of PHP. printf is a function, not a construct, and allows such advantages as formatted output, but it’s the slowest way to print out data out of echo, print and printf.

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