Technology Questions

Customer Information Control System (CICS) is an online transaction processing monitor from IBM that acts as an interface between the operating system and application programs to provide rapid high-volume online transaction processing.

Validation controls are responsible to validate the data of an input control. Whenever you provide any input to an application, it performs the validation and displays an error message to user, in case the validation fails.

ASP.NET 4.0 contains the following six types of validation controls:

   => CompareValidator - Performs a comparison between the values contained in two controls.
   => CustomValidator - Writes your own method to perform extra validation.
   => RangeValidator- Checks value according to the range of value.
   => RegularExpressionValidator - Ensures that input is according to the specified pattern or not.
   =>  RequiredFieldValidator - Checks either a control is empty or not.
   => ValidationSummary - Displays a summary of all validation error in a central location.

PCT (Program Control Table) - Defines each transaction containing a list of valid transaction identifiers (transid) where each transaction is paired with its matching program.

PPT (Program Processing Table) - Contains a list of valid program names and maps and whether a current version is in the CICS region or needs to be brought in as a new copy.

FCT (File Control Table) - Contains a list of files known to CICS, the dataset name and status (closed/open, enable/disabled)

TCT (Terminal Control Table)- A list of the terminals known to CICS.

When an object is passed by value, this means that a copy of the object is passed. Thus, even if changes are made to that object, it doesn’t affect the original value. 

When an object is passed by reference, this means that the actual object is not passed, rather a reference of the object is passed. Thus, any changes made by the external method, are also reflected in all places.

One of the most common errors that you might face in join statements is 

Server: Msg 4104, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
The multi-part identifier could not be bound.

A multipart identifier is any description of a field or table that contains multiple parts - for instance MyTable.SomeRow - if it can't be bound that means there's something wrong with it - either you've got a simple typo, or a confusion between table and column. It can also be caused by using reserved words in your table or field names and not surrounding them with [].

The main reason for this error is that the source table cannot be found, for example if you have statement such as Table1.OrderDate, and then if you get error above, this means that Table1 cannot be found in the query. Sometimes you can see that source table exists in the query, but T-SQL cannot understand it, especially when you write join statements.

Any code written in any .NET complaint languages when compiled, converts into MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) code in form of an assembly through CLS, CTS. IL is the language that CLR can understand. On execution, this IL is converted into binary code by CLR’s just in time compiler (JIT) and these assemblies or DLL are loaded into the memory.

GROUP BY partitions the selected rows on the distinct values of the column on which you group by. HAVING selects GROUPs which match the criteria specified