Web Technology Questions

- Web browser is used to run the software application that allows retrieving, presenting and traversing the information from one place to another. 

- Web browser provides the resources using the WWW (World Wide Web) this can be identified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier).

- Web browser fetches the data like web page, image, video or other piece of content from the server and displays it accordingly. 

- Web browser uses hyperlinks to display the resources and allow the users to navigate their browsers according to the resources. 

- Web browser defines the application software that is designed for the user to access and retrieve the documents using the Internet.

URI is known as Uniform Resource Identifier as it identifies the resources requested by clients and fetches them from the server. 

The components that are used in URI are as follows:

- http: is the first thing that is used in a URL and it is used to tell what kind of resource that needs to be retrieved over the server.

 This includes the server details and it is itself a protocol known as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that is used to fetch the information. 

- Web browsers sometimes use the secure protocol that is represented using HTTPs used in case of secure transaction over the internet. 

- FTP: is also a protocol that is known as File Transfer Protocol that allows the transfer from a file from local computer to server

The differences between HTML and XHTML are:

- HTML is application of Standard Generalized Markup Language(SGML) whereas XML is application of Extensible Markup Language(XML).

- HTML is a static Web Page whereas XHTML is dynamic Web Page.

- HTML allows programmer to perform changes in the tags and use attribute minimization whereas XHTML when user need a new markup tag then user can define it in this.

- HTML is about displaying information whereas XHTML is about describing the information.

- Web browser functions are to provide the resources or information to the user when asked by them. 

- It processes the user inputs in the form of URL like https://www.google.com in the browser and allows the access to that page. 

- URL is used to identify the resources and fetch them from the server and displays it to the client. 

- It allows the user to interact with the web pages and dynamic content like surveys, forms, etc. 

- It also allows the user to navigate through the complete web page and see its source code in the HTML format. 

- It provides security to the data and the resources that are available on the web that is by using the secure methods.

- A web page with large number of images takes a longer time to load. This is because each image separately sends out a http request.

- The concept of CSS sprite helps in reducing this loading time for a web page by combining various small images into one image. This reduces the numbers of http request and hence the loading time.

An XSL sheet or a document may have duplicate elements and attributes. Therefore, the XML namespaces define a way to distinguish between duplicate element types and attribute names.

An XML namespace is a collection of element type and attribute names. It is a URI due to which any element type or attribute name in an XML namespace can be uniquely identified. 

It consists of two parts : the name of the XML namespace and the local name.

e.g.: xmlns: h=”https://www.abc.com”

After this, you can write

<h:table>

……..

</h:table>

to associate the table with the declared namespace. 

There are three ways to integrate CSS into a Web page 

1. Inline: HTML elements may have CSS applied to them via the STYLE attribute.

2. Embedded: By placing the code in a STYLE element within the HEAD element.

3. Linked/ Imported: Place the CSS in an external file and link it via a link element.

Use document.forms[0].submit();

(0 refers to the index of the form – if you have more than one form in a page, then the first one has the index 0, second has index 1 and so on).