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Static Testing, a software testing technique in which the software is tested without executing the code. This Techniques provide a powerful way to improve the quality and productivity of software development by assisting engineers to recognize and fix their own defects early in the software development process.

It has two parts as listed below:

Review - Typically used to find and eliminate errors or ambiguities in documents such as requirements, design, test cases, etc.

Static analysis - The code written by developers are analysed (usually by tools) for structural defects that may lead to defects.

In this software is tested without executing the code by doing Review, Walk Through, Inspection or Analysis etc.

Hence, Error guessing is not a static software testing technique.

Code review is a software quality assurance activity in which one or several humans check a program mainly by viewing and reading parts of its source code, and they do so after implementation or as an interruption of implementation.

After falling it bruises, similarly after knocking it bumps.

Hence, Bruise : Fall :: Bump : Knock.

The logical arrangement of the nodes of different networks to communicate is called as topology.

Astronomy is the study of planets and heavenly bodies. Historically, astronomy has focused on observations of heavenly bodies. It is a close cousin to astrophysics. Succinctly put, astrophysics involves the study of the physics of astronomy and concentrates on the behavior, properties and motion of objects out there.
 

Yard is to Inch as Quart is to Ounce.

Because Yard and Inch are units of measurement Where Yard is larger than Inch i.e, 1 Yard = 36 Inches.

So, here Quart and Ounce are also units of measurement where Quart is larger than Ounce i.e, 1 Quart = 32 Ounces.

Gallon is not correct because Gallon is larger than Quart and Milk and Liquid are not units of measurement.

So, Ounce is correct.

Statement coverage is a white box test design technique which involves execution of all the executable statements in the source code at least once. It is used to calculate and measure the number of statements in the source code which can be executed given the requirements.