Questions

The  Indianconstitution  guarantees Cultural   and   Educational   Rights under  articles  29  and  30.Under article   29,   this   article   seeks   to protect    the    interests    of    the minority  communities.  This  article confers the freedom to all citizens, residing  in  different  parts  of  the land,   to   conserve   their   distinct languages, scripts or cultures state shall   not   impose   upon   it   any culture other than the community’s own  culture.  This  article  further assures  that  no  citizen  shall  be denied  admission  into  any  state-run    or    state-aided    educational institution   on   grounds   only   of religion,  race,  caste,  language  or any of them. And Under article 30, It    provides    that    all    minority communities—religion  or  linguistic, have  the  right  to  establish  and administer  educational  institutions of  their  choice.  In  granting  aid  to educational  institutions,  the  state shall    not    discriminate    on    the grounds of religion or language.

Protective arrangements: Such measures as are required to enforce equality, to provide punitive measures for transgressions, to eliminate established practices that perpetuate inequities, etc.A number of laws were enacted to implement the provisions in the Constitution. Examples of such laws include The Untouchability Practices Act, 1955, Scheduled Casteand Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, etc. Despite legislation, social discrimination and atrocities against the backward castes continued topersist

Dr Kailasavadivoo Sivanis an Indian space scientist and the chairperson of theIndian Space Research Organization.He is the former Director ofVikram Sarabhai Space Centerand Liquid Propulsion centre.He is joinedthis position Jan2018.