Technical Questions

The data bus is Bi-directional because the same bus is used for transfer of data between Micro Processor and momory of input / output devices in both the direction.

There are two IP address assigned to each device on a Wi-Fi network.

An Internal (Private) and an External (Public) IP address.

Internal IP address is used for communication between Your computer and a smartphone or whatever devices that are connected to that Wifi network. This is unique for each. If they are same the system cannot differentiate between each device.

While, the External IP address is that visible to the the internet - the websites, the internet connected Apps so on. By default, Routers with NAT (all routers today have it) assign same Public IP address to all devices under its network.

A real time process is a process that must respond to the eventswithin a certain time period. A real time operating system is an operating system that can run realtime processes successfully.

It is a collection of routers under the control of a single administrative authority and that uses a common Interior Gateway Protocol

Distributed systems work in a network. They can share the network resources, communicate with each other.

A test plan is the master document that contains all details pertaining to testing of the application. Its contents include:

Testing scope - what is included and what is not included in the testing of the current project 

Assumptions - what are the assumptions that are made for this project 

Milestones - major dates like when testing is going to begin, when it is planned to end, what is the trace review date, what is the production date etc. 

Resources - the resources working on this project along with their contact details 

Defect tracking mechanism - what defect tracking tool will be used, what is the SLA for fixing Critical to Low level IRs etc. 

Test management procedures - who will be notified when there is a critical IR, what reports will be sent daily, if status calls will be held daily or weekly, where will it be held, who is required to join etc. 

Work allocation - resource distribution if more projects are being tested 

Entry and exit criterion - when can a project be accepted for testing (eg. only when smoke testing passes) and when can a project be termed as testing complete (eg. when all testcases are executed and all high level bugs are fixed)

Testing is a process used for revealing defects in s/w and for establishing that the s/w has attained a specific degree of quality.

The s/w testing group’s main objective is to ensure that the s/w is doing what it is supposed to do as well as the s/w is not doing what it is not supposed to do. With this objective, it is clear that it is necessary to have a separate group for testing the s/w other than the group which developed it.

Also, bugs in the s/w can cause severe monetary as well as other loss to the organization. So it is important to allocate some budget for the testing group.

The Quality Factor is also defined, as Q. So it is a number, which reflects the lossness of a circuit. higher the Q, the lower are the losses.

the quality factor is measurement of efficiency (or effectiveness) of a device or circuitry. In literal sense quality factor means qualitative performance of a device.