Operating Systems Questions

Windows operating system uses the NTFS file system.

A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer

Default permissions given to a file are:

Owner - read write and execute - 6

group - write - 4

others - write - 4

Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel. By default, a Linux user falls under same as userid (UPG) group.

A hard real-time system guarantees that critical tasks complete on time. This goal requires that all delays in the system be bounded from the retrieval of the stored data to the time that it takes the operating system to finish any request made of it. A soft real time system where a critical real-time task gets priority over other tasks and retains that priority until it completes. As in hard real time systems kernel delays need to be bounded

In order to protect the operating systems and the system programs from the malfunctioning programs the two mode operations were evolved

System mode

User mode

If a process in a monitor signal and no task is waiting on the condition variable, the signal is lost. So this allows easier program design. Whereas in semaphores, every operation affects the value of the semaphore, so the wait and signal operations should be perfectly balanced in the program.