Questions

"The moon smiled at me" is the example of personification in the given options.

Personification is a technique in which we give objects human traits like emotions, gestures, speech,... by using metaphor. 

Here moon is an object which cannot smile but using metaphor sense, we gave that sense to it.

Long sightedness is a common vision condition in which nearby objects are blurry.

In this situation, the person with this condition of the eye where the curvature of the cornea is flat or the axial length of the eyeball is short. When light enters the eye, it does not focus directly on the retina, but focuses beyond the retina. This causes near images to appear out of focus and blurred.

Long sightedness is also called hyperopia, and sometimes presbyopia.

Ayer's Rock

Vatican City

ADP stand for Army Doctrine Publication.  An official written document that provides established principles in the U.S. Army that support national objectives.

A Windmill.