Q:
Consider the following statements about impact of tax :
1. A tax is shifted forward to consumers if the demand is inelastic relative to supply.
2. A tax is shifted backward to producers if the supply is relatively more inelastic than demand.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer & Explanation
Answer: C) Both 1 and 2
Explanation: Only if either demand or supply was either completely elastic or inelastic will the tax burden fall entirely on either the buyer or the seller. Between these 2 extremes, tax incidence varies continuously from a perfectly inelastic supply or perfectly elastic demand, where the sellers assumes the entire burden of the tax to the perfectly elastic supply or perfectly inelastic demand where the buyers bear the entire burden. To better see how the elasticity of supply and demand affects tax incidence, consider a 20% tax on a can of soda. Suppose the government decides that the buyer should pay the 20% tax. Does this mean that the buyers will be paying 20% more, or will sellers have to share some of the tax burden? Since higher prices decrease demand, regardless of the reason for the higher prices, sellers will share some of the burden. How much of the burden will be determined by the elasticity of supply and demand for the product?
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