Technology Questions

Variables that are defined in a C# program belong to two major categories: value type and reference type. The variables that are based on value type contain a value that is either allocated on a stack or allocated in-line in a structure. The variables that are based on reference types store the memory address of a variable, which in turn stores the value and are allocated on the heap. The variables that are based on value types have their own copy of data and therefore operations done on one variable do not affect other variables. The reference-type variables reflect the changes made in the referring variables.

The security laws which are implements to secure data in the cloud are as follows:

- Input validation : controls the input data which is being to any system.

- Processing  : control that the data is being processed correctly and completely in an application.

- File : control the data being manipulated in any type of file.

- Output reconciliation : control the data that has to be reconciled from input to output.

- Backup and recovery: control the security breaches logs and the problems which has occurred while creating the back.

A keyword that specifies that types in a particular nemespace can be referred to without requiring their full qualified type names. 'using' reserved word always come with namespaces. eg. using systems so because of this useful classes supplied by Microsoft which are contained by system namespace are availble for user.

By using
$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
variable.

The address resolution protocol(ARP) is used to associate the 32 bit IP address with the 48 bit physical address, used by a host or a router to find the physical address of another host on its network by sending a ARP query packet that includes the IP address of the receiver.

The reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) allows a host to discover its Internet address when it knows only its physical address.

FMEA is Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. It is an analysis used to determine failure modes and how severe they are in a system or process.

Bottom Up Approach:

The bottom up approach testing approach is carried out with the help of the test driver. The test driver calls a component to be tested.

The modules in the lower level of call hierarchy are tested independently. Then the next level modules are tested that call previously tested modules. This is done repeatedly until all the modules are included in the testing.

Bottom up testing stops when the top module in the call hierarchy is tested with all lower call hierarchy modules.

Top Down Approach:

The top down approach is carried out with the help of the test stub. Test stub are the dummy programs. The Stub is called from the software component to be tested.

Tests top layer of controlling subsystem first. Then combine modules that are called by the tested modules and test resulted collection of modules.

Do this until all the modules are combined and tested.

Eucalyptus stands for “Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs to Useful Systems” and provides an open source software infrastructure to implement clusters in cloud computing platform. It is used to build private, public and hybrid clouds. It can also produce your own datacenter into a private cloud and allow you to extend the functionality to many other organizations. Eucalyptus provides APIs to be used with the web services to cope up with the demand of resources used in the private clouds.