Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.

The Amazon basin has been continuously inhabited for at least 10, 000 years, possibly more. Its earliest inhabitants were stone-age peoples, living in hundreds of far-flung tribes, some tiny, others numbering in the tens of thousands. It was from the west that Europeans explorers first arrived. In 1541 a Spanish expedition from Quito, led by Gonzalo Pizarro, ran short of supplies while exploring east of the Andes in what is today Peru. Pizarro’s cousin Francisco de Orellana offered to take 60 men along with the boats from the expedition and forage for supplies. De Orellana floated down the Rio Napo to its confluence with the Amazon, near Iquitos (Peru), and then to the mouth of the Amazon. Along the way his expedition suffered numerous attacks by Indians; some of the Indian warriors, they reported, were female, like the Amazons of Greek mythology, and thus the world’s greatest river got its name. No one made a serious effort to claim this sweaty territory, however, until the Portuguese built a fort near the mouth of the river at Belém in 1616, and sent Pedro Teixeira up the river to Quito and back between 1637 and 1639. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Portuguese bandeirantes (groups of roaming adventurers) penetrated ever further into the rain forest in pursuit of gold and Indian slaves, exploring as far as present-day Rondônia, and the Guaporé and Madeira river valleys. Amazonian Indians had long used the sap from rubber trees to make waterproof bags and other items. European explorers recognized the potential value of natural latex, but were unable to market it because it tended to grow soft in the heat, or brittle in the cold, and thus had limited appeal outside the rain forest. However, in 1842 American Charles Goodyear developed vulcanization (made natural rubber durable) and in 1890 Ireland’s John Dunlop patented pneumatic rubber tires. Soon there was an unquenchable demand for rubber in the recently industrialized USA and Europe, and the price of rubber on international markets soared. As profits skyrocketed, so did exploitation of the seringueiros, or rubber tappers, who were lured into the Amazon, mostly from the drought-stricken northeast, by the promise of prosperity only to be locked into a cruel system of virtual slavery dominated by seringalistas (owners of rubber-bearing forests). Rigged scales, hired guns, widespread illiteracy among the rubber tappers, and monopoly of sales and purchases all combined to perpetuate the workers’ debt and misery. In addition, seringueiros had to contend with jungle fevers, Indian attacks and all manner of deprivation.

From where did the Europeans explorers first arrive?

Improve the bracketed part of the sentence.

Perhaps a greater challenge they face is (improving the wounds of the civil war), Iraq is a divided country today.

Rearrange the parts of the sentence in correct order.

P: Added to this is their economic dissatisfaction.
Q: The youth get frustrated when they see a great deal of disparity between the theory and its application.
R: All these factors blend together and give rise to a cult of violence.
S: This causes them to wonder whether all that they ever learnt would overcome in use or would go waste.

Rearrange the parts of the sentence in correct order.

P: It is said that the great poet Tulsi Dass composed it under divine inspiration.
Q: The Ramayana is a book of great social importance.
R: It is full of devotional songs besides tenets of social wisdom.
S: People read it and worship it.

Rearrange the parts of the sentence in correct order.

P: But the achievements of science have not come to man as a ripe apple falls in the lap of a man sitting under an apple tree.
Q: Science is not just the result of observation and experience.
R: It is, on the other hand , the result of centuries of hard work done by man, even at the risk of his own life or health.
S: There is no doubt that science has been the greatest boon to man so far.

Rearrange the parts of the sentence in correct order.

P: Children with good manners are liked by one and all.
Q: They are appreciated even by strangers.
R: All round development of a child is possible only if a child is groomed in good manners.
S: Therefore, the public schools lay great emphasis on the cultivation of good manners in their students.

In the following question, some part of the sentence may have errors. Find out which part of the sentence has an error and select the appropriate option. If a sentence is free from error, select 'No Error'.

"I had forgotten all such things just (1)/ for the sake of the greater good of everyone." (2)/ said there leader. (3)/ No error. (4)

In the following question, some part of the sentence may have errors. Find out which part of the sentence has an error and select the appropriate option. If a sentence is free from error, select 'No Error'.

The professor recently describes 1500 tests (1)/ in which blind people passed with greater (2)/ ease than those who could see! (3)/ No error (4)