Dynamic method dispatch which is also known as runtime polymorphism is a process in which a call to an overridden method is resolved at runtime rather than at compile-time. In this process, an overridden method is called through the reference variable of a superclass. The determination of the method to be called is based on the object being referred to by the reference variable.

Dynamic binding is orthogonal to dynamic linking. Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the call. Dynamic binding It is associated with polymorphism and inheritance, it(also known as late binding) means that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known until the time of the call at run-time.

The object need to be serialized when it’s sent over a network and when it’s state is saved. Exceptions which occur during serialization are:

a. transient fields

b. when the base class is serialized then only base class fields are handled.

c. static fields are ignored because they are not part of any state.

Cloning refers to creating duplicate copies of objects in java.

Shallow Cloning: Shallow cloning is a bitwise copy of an object. New object is created which is an exact copy that of the original one. In case any objects are referring the fields of these objects, just the references are copied.

Deep Cloning: In deep cloning, complete duplicate copy of the original copy is created. Deep cloning creates not only the primitive values of the original objects but also copies all its sub objects as well.

Clonable interface is used to perform cloning in java.

A Monitor defines a lock and condition variables for managing concurrent access to shared data. The monitor uses the lock to ensure that only a single thread inactive in the monitor code at any time.

A monitor allows only one thread to lock an object at once.

Autoboxing is the process of converting a primitive type data into its corresponding wrapper class object instance.

Example:

Integer number = new Integer (100); // number is now refers to the object 100

Unboxing is the process of converting a wrapper instance into a primitive type.

Example: 

Integer number = new Integer (100); 

int num = number;// without type casting number would be changed into int type

Java applications can call code written in C, C++, or assembler. This is sometimes done for performance and sometimes to access the underlying host operating system or GUI API using the JNI.

The steps for doing that are:

First write the Java code and compile it

Then create a C header file

Create C stubs file

Write the C code

Create shared code library (or DLL)

Run application

SimpleTimeZone is a concrete subclass of TimeZone class. The TimeZone class represents a time zone, that is to be used with Gregorian calendar.

The SimpleTimeZone is created by using the base time zone offset from GMT time zone ID and rules, for starting and ending the time of daylight.