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Q:

What is the purpose of the AS_PATH attribute?

Answer

If a router has more than one route to the same IP prefix, the best path is the one with the shortest AS_PATH (assuming other BGP attributes are equal).

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What is the difference between the types of routes allowed by default into IS-IS and OSPF areas?

Answer

By default, all routes are advertised into all OSPF areas. This includes interarea OSPF routes and external routes that have been injected into OSPF. By default, IS-IS does not advertise interarea or external routes into an area, but injects a default route.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

Assume a router has a loopback address of 135.77.9.254. Convert the loopback address to an IS-IS system ID.

Answer

The loopback address written in dotted decimal and using three digits for each byte has a value of 135.077.009.254. The system ID is 13.50.77.00.92.54.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What types of routes are allowed into a stub area?

Answer

OSPF intra-area and interarea routes, and a default route. External routes are not advertised into a stub area.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

Explain the difference between a classful and a classless routing protocol.

Answer

Classless routing protocols advertise subnet mask information along with the network prefixes. Classful routing protocols do not. Therefore, for a classful protocol, all subnets for the major network number being used must be the same length. Also, classful protocol cannot support discontiguous networks prefixes.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What is the full IPv6 address represented by FF02::130F:5?

Answer

FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:130F:0005

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What are the access, distribution, and core components of a North American phone number?

Answer

The last four digits are the used at the access layer to identify a particular telephone. The next three numbers are used at the distribution layer to identify an exchange that services several phone numbers. The area code is used at the core level for routing between different regions.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

Describe the difference between routing and switching.

Answer

Routing moves a letter or telephone call to the access layer (as in a street or telephone exchange). Switching makes the final delivery. A switching decision is made on the part of the address that is not used in routing (as in the street number or last four digits of a phone number).

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Subject: CCNP