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Q:

What is the purpose of the LOCAL_PREF attribute?

Answer

If a router has more than one route to the same IP prefix, the best path is the one with the highest LOCAL_PREF (assuming the WEIGHT attribute for the routes is equal).

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What is the purpose of the AS_PATH attribute?

Answer

If a router has more than one route to the same IP prefix, the best path is the one with the shortest AS_PATH (assuming other BGP attributes are equal).

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What is the difference between the types of routes allowed by default into IS-IS and OSPF areas?

Answer

By default, all routes are advertised into all OSPF areas. This includes interarea OSPF routes and external routes that have been injected into OSPF. By default, IS-IS does not advertise interarea or external routes into an area, but injects a default route.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

Assume a router has a loopback address of 135.77.9.254. Convert the loopback address to an IS-IS system ID.

Answer

The loopback address written in dotted decimal and using three digits for each byte has a value of 135.077.009.254. The system ID is 13.50.77.00.92.54.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

How does OSPF determine the DR on a multi-access network?

Answer

The router with the highest interface priority will be the router ID. If all the interface priorities on the multi-access network are the same, the router with the highest router ID will be the DR.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

Why are intra-area summary routes not allowed?

Answer

OSPF databases on routers in the same area must be identical. If route summarization was allowed within an area, some routers would have specific routes and some routers would have summary routes for routes in the area. If this were allowed, the databases for the area would never agree

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What types of routes are allowed into a stub area?

Answer

OSPF intra-area and interarea routes, and a default route. External routes are not advertised into a stub area.

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Subject: CCNP

Q:

What types of routes are allowed into a NSSA?

Answer

OSPF intra-area and interarea routes, and possibly a default route. External routes from ABRs are blocked, and external routes from ASBRs are converted to N1 or N2 routes.

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Subject: CCNP