Six

The Original Constitution had classified the Fundamental Rights under  seven groups:

a) Right to Equality

b) Right to Freedom

c) Right against Exploitation

d) Right to Freedom of Religion

e) Cultural and Educational Rights

f) Right to Property

g) Right to Constitutional Remedies

   Now that the Right to Property has been eliminated by the 44th Amendment Act, only six groups now remains.

The reason: Directive principles are non-justiciable, while the Fundamental Rights are enforceable by the Courts, the Directives are not so enforceable by any court (Article 37). The courts cannot declare any law as void on the ground that it contravenes any of the directive Principles. Further, the courts are not competent to complete the Government to carry out any Directive.

The US Congress consists of two bodies 

a) the Senate and   b) the House of Representatives. The Senate, composed of 100 members (two Senators from each State), is a powerful body and exercises a very real influence in national affairs.

Though this is essentiallly a Committee of the House of the people (having 15 members from that house) , by an agreement between the two houses , 7 members from the other Houses are also associated with this Committee, in order to strengthen it.

The rank of the different ministers is determined by the Prime Minister, according to whose advice the President appoints the Ministers [ Art 75(1) ] and also allocates business among them [ Art 77 ].

Various designations have been specified by the President for the different Union Territories:

(i) Chief Commissioner for Chandigarh

(ii) Administrator for

     (a) Lakshadweep and

     (b) Dadra and Nagar Haveil

(iii) Lieutenant Governor for 

    (a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

    (b) Delhi

    (c) Daman and Diu and

    (d) Pandicherry

The Contingency Fund of India was constituted in 1950, by an act of parliament (Article 267). The Fund has been placed at the disposal of the president, who can make advances out of the Fund to meet unforeseen expenditure. The expenses must be subsequently authorised by Union Parliament (Articles 115, 116) and recovered through additional, supplementary or excess grants.