Hardware Questions

Q:

What is the name of the law for the storage and use of data in the UK?

Answer

Data Protection Act

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Q:

Where does CPU Enhanced mode originate from?

Answer

Intel's 80386 was the first 32-bit processor, and since the company had to backward support the 8086. All the modern Intel-based processors run in the Enhanced mode, capable of switching between Real mode (just like the real 8086) and Protected mode, which is the current mode of operation.

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Q:

Which of the following is true of VoIP?

A) It uses the public switched telephone network. B) Skype is an example of VoIP software.
C) It uses a slow speed dial-up connection. D) All of the above
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) Skype is an example of VoIP software.

Explanation:

VOIP is an acronym for Voice Over Internet Protocol, or in more common terms phone service over the Internet.

 

Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP rather than by traditional circuit transmissions of the PSTN.

 

Here in the given options, Skype is the only voice service that enables us to talk over internet.

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Q:

What are the best way to prevent a computer virus from entering your computer?

Answer

1.Logout of your computer each time you have finished using it


2.Install and use anti-virus software on your computer 


3.Do not use emails on your machine


4.Make sure all your files are safely stored to your floppy disks

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Q:

What is object repository?

Answer

Object Repository means not a collection of objects


it's a common repository for all the people (testing, developers) for seeing all the data in single login.


for example QA wants to see 5 testers works then he goes  to each person login and see the data. It's very difficult job. for this we can use Object Repository.

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Q:

Differentiate between RAM & ROM?

Answer

RAM: Read / Write memory, High Speed, Volatile Memory.


ROM: Read only memory, low speed, non volite memory.

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Q:

What does GUI stand for?

Answer

 


Graphical User Interface

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Q:

What are the different Adder circuits you studied?

Answer

Adders are generally of five types:


1.Ripple Carry Adder:


The Ripple carry adder(RCA) consists of a building block named Half Adder(HA) which is cascaded to form a Full Adder(FA). These buildingblocks HAs and FAs are also the building blocks of all types of adders.The n full adders are cascaded to form n bit RCA.


The full adder has three input pins(input Ai,input Bi,carryin Ci) and two output pins(Sum and Ci+1).Its equations are:


Sum=Ai^Bi^Ci


Ci+1=Ai.Bi+Bi.Ci+Ai.Ci


 


2. Carry Lookahead Adder:


The Carry Lookahead Adder(CLA) reduces the delay as that in RCA. Let Gi=Ai.Bi, and Pi=Ai^Bi, then Ci+1=Gi+Pi.Ci.


The expressions for Sum and Ci+1 is then defined completely in terms of input pins rather wait for input carry to appear.


 


3. Carry Select Adder:


The carry select adder uses duplicate modules for each combination of input carry(i.e. 1 and 0).The multiplexers then select the appropriate sum and carry output according to the carry output of the preceding stages.


 


4. Carry Skip Adder:


The carry skip adder are as fast as carry lookahead adders which are the fastest adders but its spped decreases to about 20-30% if input operands are 64-bit or more. In these adders we divide the input bit stream into various blocks and make use of two observations:


-if each element of the two bit streams are unequal,i.e. Ai!=Bi than the carry input of the block is equal to the carry input.


-if each element of the two bit streams are equal,i.e. Ai=Bi than the carry input of the block is opposite of the carry input.


 


5. Carry Save Adder:


The carry save adder reduces the addition of three elements into addition of two elements,i.e. if you want sum of nine numbers it reduces it into sum of six numbers. In first step the sum of three numbers is calculated without bothering for the carry.During the second step only carry is calculated which is then added to the generated sum to give the required sum. 

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