Which of the following occurs when a transaction rereads data it has previously read and finds modification or deletions caused by a committed transaction?
The description of a data base is called the database schema , which is specified during database design and is not expected to change frequently . A displayed schema is called schema diagram .We call each object in the schema as schema construct.
Database provides necessary means to achieve this abstraction. By structure of a database we mean the data types, relations, and constraints that should hold on the data.
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