Questions

One way is shorting the two inputs of the NAND gate and passing the input.

truth table:

A B output

1 1 0

0 0 1

The second way is passing the input to only one input (say A) of the NAND gate. Since the other input  (say B is floating, it is always logic one.

Truth table:

A B output

1 1 0 

0 1 1

Electricity generated from coal and oil is termed as 'Thermal Power'.

Egypt is called as the gift of the Nile river. It is called so because the nile river served as means for transport, help in irrigation for farming, made soil fertile for growing crops. It made the Egyptian civilization possible. 

Ireland

Each state in the U.S. has a state legislature. The state legislatures main purpose is to make and pass laws at the state level.

An integral part to each state government - indeed where the people of each state are best represented - is the state legislature.

State legislatures are the respective representative bodies for the people of each state.
The primary responsibility of any state legislature is to design, draft, and vote on bills and laws to govern each state. Bills and laws generally go through several committees prior to being voted on in the entire assembly, through which the bills and laws are changed, amended, or killed altogether.