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 Verbal Reasoning - Logical Deduction Questions

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Q:

Some boys are men. No man is black

Conclusions:

1. Some boys are not black

2. Some men are boys

A) Only 1 follows B) Only 2 follows
C) Either 1 or 2 follows D) Neither 1 nor 2 follows
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) Only 1 follows

Explanation:

Since one premise is negative , the conclusion must be negative. so 2 does not follow and only 1 follows

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Exam Prep: GRE

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Q:

All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees

Conclusions:

1. Some angels are toys

2. Some trees are flowers

3. Some flowers are angels

A) None follows B) Only 1 follows
C) Only 2 follows D) Only 1 and 3 follow
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) None follows

Explanation:

All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees

Since the middle term 'toys' is not distributed even once in the premises,no definite conclusion follows.

 

 

Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees

Since both premises are particular,no definite conclusion an be drawn

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Q:

Some blankets are beds. Some pillows are blankets. All beds are pillows

Conclusions:

1. Some blankets are pillows

2. Some pillows are beds

3. Some beds are blankets

A) Only either 1 or 2 follows B) Only 1 and either 2 or 3 follows
C) Only 3 and either 1 or 2 follows D) All 1 ,2 and 3 follow
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) All 1 ,2 and 3 follow

Explanation:

1 is the converse of 2nd premise,2 is the converse of 3rd premiseand 3 is the converse of 1st premise and such, all the 3 follow

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Q:

Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are desrets. All desrets are roads.

Conclusions:

1. Some roads are rivers

2. Some roads are hills

3. Some deserts are hills

A) None follows B) Only 1 follows
C) Only 1 and 2 follows D) All follow
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: B) Only 1 follows

Explanation:

Some hills are  rivers. Some rivers are deserts.

Since both the premises are particular, no defenite conclusion follows.

 

Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads

Since one premise is particular,the conclusion must be particular and should'nt contain the middle term. Since it follows that 'Some rivers are roads'. 1 is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.

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18 72307
Q:

All windows are doors. No door is wall

Conclusions:

1. No window is wall

2. No Wall is door

A) Only 1 follows B) Only 2 follows
C) Either 1 or 2 follows D) Both 1 and 2 follow
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: D) Both 1 and 2 follow

Explanation:

Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, 1 follows.

 

However, 2 is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds.

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Exam Prep: GRE

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Q:

Some blades are hammers. Some hammers are knives. Some knives are axes.

Conclusions:

1. Some axes are hammers

2. Some knives are blades

3. Some axes are blades

A) None follows B) Only 1 follows
C) Only 2 follows D) Only 3 follows
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: A) None follows

Explanation:

Since each combination has of premises has 2 particular premises, so no defenite conclusion follows

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Q:

Some mountains are hillocks. Some mountains are rivers. Some mountains are valleys.

Conclusions:

1. All mountains are either hillocks or rivers or valleys

2. No valley is river

3. Some river are valleys

A) None follows B) Only 1 follows
C) Only 2 and 3 follow D) Only 3 follows
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) Only 2 and 3 follow

Explanation:

2 and 3 are the satements involving the extreme terms of the last 2 premises and form a complementary pair. Thus either 2 or 3 follows

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26 67818
Q:

Question :

In a cricket team, the average age of eleven players in 28 years. What is the age of the captain?

Statements :

a. The captain is eleven years older than the youngest player.

b. The average age of 10 players, other than the captain is 27.3 years.

c. Leaving aside the captain and the youngest player, the average ages of three groups of three players each are 25 years, 28 years and 30 years respectively.

A) All a,b and c follows B) Only a and c follows
C) Either b alone or a & b follows D) None
 
Answer & Explanation Answer: C) Either b alone or a & b follows

Explanation:

From statement (b)
Average of 11 players = 11 x 28 = 308
Average of 10 players = 10 x 27.3 = 273
Age of captain = 308 - 273 = 35.

From the Statement (a) we can say that captain's age (C) = y + 11 ...(1) where y-youngers age
From the statement (c),the averge age of 3groups of 3players each was given,
It means total 9 players age was given indirectly,
1st group: 25 x 3 = 75
2nd group: 28 x 3 = 84
3rd group: 30 x 3 = 90
Total  is 75 + 84 + 90 = 249
Now {C + Y + (9 players age sum)}/11 = 28
Y + 11 + Y + (249) = 28 x 11=308
2Y+260=308
2Y = 308-260 = 40 ==> Y=24 ==> C(captain's age)= Y+11 = 24+11 = 35

Therefore, statement b alone or a & c only is the answer.

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