Questions

Here ‘passed each other’ means crossed each other’s path. No preposition is required by ‘passed’.

Hedging is a tool to minimize the risks. It is thus like an 'insurance' where one pays a premium but gets an assured amount in case of some uncertain event to the extent of the loss actually suffered on an equally opposite position for which the hedge was done. Thus, hedger is different from arbitrageur and speculators, as the intention here is not to maximize the profit but to minimize the loss.

E.g. In Capital Markets, suppose an investor has an equity portfolio of Rs. 2 lacs and the portfolio consists of all the major stocks of NIFTY. He thinks the market will improve in the long run but might go on a downside in the shortrun. NIFTY today stands at 4300. To minimize the risk of downfall, he enters into an option contract by buying NIFTY-PUT of strike 4300 at a premium of, say, Rs. 100. Thus, the actual amount paid is Rs. 5,000(lot size of NIFTY is 50). Also, the number of NIFTY-PUTs to be bought will vary on the beta of the portfolio so as to completely hedge the positon. 

Ray Tomilson

They will see ads targeted to people located in Russia with the ads in English.

Secondary succession means in an ecosystem renewal of itself after all or a portion has been destroyed.

After a forest fire, the whole forest had destroyed but after that again renewal of that forest is also an example of secondary succession.

EyeROV TUNA, the India's first underwater robotic drone was launched and handed over to Kochi based DRDO lab and it can send realtime videos of ships and other underwater structures to help with their repair and maintenance.