Verbal Reasoning - Logical Deduction Questions

Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, 1 follows.

However, 2 is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds.

All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees

Since the middle term 'toys' is not distributed even once in the premises,no definite conclusion follows.

Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees

Since both premises are particular,no definite conclusion an be drawn

Since one premise is negative , the conclusion must be negative. so 2 does not follow and only 1 follows

1 is the converse of 2nd premise,2 is the converse of 3rd premiseand 3 is the converse of 1st premise and such, all the 3 follow

Some hills are  rivers. Some rivers are deserts.

Since both the premises are particular, no defenite conclusion follows.

Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads

Since one premise is particular,the conclusion must be particular and should'nt contain the middle term. Since it follows that 'Some rivers are roads'. 1 is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.

2 and 3 are the satements involving the extreme terms of the last 2 premises and form a complementary pair. Thus either 2 or 3 follows

Since each combiantion of premise contain 2 particular premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. However, 1 and 4 involve the extreme terms of 2nd and 3rd premises and form a complementary pair. Thus either 1 or 4 follows.

Since each combination has of premises has 2 particular premises, so no defenite conclusion follows