Exams

The Golaknath Case of 1967 relates to the power of the Parliament to curtail the Fundamental Rights provided in the Constitution.In 1967, the Supreme Court reversed its earlier decisions in Golaknath v. State of Punjab. It held that Fundamental Rights included in Part III of the Constitution are given a "transcendental position" and arebeyond the reach of Parliament. It also declared any amendment that "takes away or abridges" a Fundamental Right conferred by Part III as unconstitutional. By 1973, the basic structure doctrine triumphed in Justice Hans Raj Khanna's judgment in the landmark decision of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala.

SP of first article = Rs.1000

Profit = 20%

 CP = SP x 100100+P% = Rs. 25003

SP of Second Article = Rs.1000

 Loss = 20%

 CP = SP x 100100-L% = Rs. 1250

So, Total SP = Rs.2000; Total CP = Rs.6250/3

As the CP is more than SP, he makes a loss.

Loss = CP - SP = (6250/3) - 2000 = Rs.(250/3)

So, Loss Percent = Lossx100/CP = 4%

The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. 

And it specifies that "the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."